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无处回归的死亡(摘录)
―宫崎骏谈《萤火虫之墓》
The deaths without a place to return to (Excerpt)
Asahi杂志 1988-8-5
翻译： 无处可淘
所有翻译均为动画爱好者交流所用，版权归原作者及所属媒体所有
翻译部分未经允许，请勿转载.
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这是由一本书的文章而来，宫崎骏先生读过一本叫做《沙漠僧侣》的书，那本书的内容是有关埃及僧侣的。
[...]
为什么那对兄妹饿死的灵魂没有和他母亲的灵魂相逢呢？难道他们和妈妈去了不同的世界吗？即使他们曾经留恋人世，并且在这世上留有悔恨，那么他们死掉以后灵魂应该看起来是饿死鬼。可为什么看起来他们的魂魄毫无异状？
正如埃及的僧侣在断绝一切尘缘后渡过尼罗河到西方去一样，他们两个人在活着的时候就到了另一个世界。他们两个搬进去的那个防空洞，就和埃及僧侣沙漠中心的修道院一样，是他们生前就为自己准备的坟墓。有人指出是哥哥太无能了，但他的意愿是坚定的。那就是，不为保护生命，而是保护她妹妹的天真。
他们最大的悲剧不是死亡，而是他们的灵魂找不到回归的天堂，正如埃及僧侣一样。或者说，他们无法像妈妈那样化作灰烬回归大地。于是两个魂魄留了下来，并保持他们happy michiyuki[1]时的样子。
在他哥哥的眼里他妹妹就像玛丽（洁白无瑕疵的，处于原耒状态的）一样么？在他们的世界再没有痛苦，有的的只是兄妹俩的联结。
萤火虫之墓既不是一部反战的片子，也不是一部向观众呼吁生命之重的电影。我认为本片是在极力表现无处回归的死亡的主题。
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注释：
1.在日本文艺作品里，不被许可的爱人私奔后，常常死在一起。他们那一段旅程叫做michiyuki –ryo。
附加注释：
在日本的信仰里面（我认为或多或少和西方相同），当死者有诸如对某人某物的憎恨或悔恨之类强烈的感情时，他就变成鬼魂无法到达天堂。那种感情（常常是消极的）把鬼魂约束在这个世界。因此，鬼魂经常是可怕的，因为他们看起来是死时的样子。（这和西方一样，被砍头的皇后游荡在城堡里寻找他的头---诸如此类）
所以说，如果他们两个是因为在世上留有悔恨变成了鬼魂，他们应该看起来很吓人，正如自己刚刚死时的样子，也就是说，看起来皮包骨头。
变成鬼魂的人常常是因为他们死了却想活得再长些。这也正是他们还有消极情绪的原因，这种情绪把他们留在人间。如果他们接受死亡并把它看作是解脱，那又不会成为鬼魂。
所以，从此判断，那两个鬼魂并不是真正的鬼魂。如果他们对这个世界没有消极的感情，为什么他们还幽浮在这里？为什么他们不能去妈妈那里？那正是宫崎骏先生的问题。他的感受是：“本片是在描述无处回归的死亡的主题。”他们两个只想单独在一起，甚至不需要他们的母亲。
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英文原文：
Translated from Japanese to English by Ryoko Toyama
Edited by Eric Henwood-Greer
[This is from an article about books, and Miyazaki-san was reading a book called The Desert Monastery, which is about Coptic monks. Hence the reference to Coptic monks.]
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Why didn't the two ghosts of the brother and sister who died from starvation meet the ghost of their mother? Did those two and the mother go to different worlds? If they had died even though they had wanted to live, and had their regrets left in this world, the two ghosts should look like they are starved, just as they were before they died. Why do they look as if there is nothing wrong with them physically?
Just as Coptic monks passed the Nile to the west after cutting off all the relationships they had in this world, those two went to another world while they were still alive. The underground shelter which the two had moved into was, as the monastery in the middle of the desert was, the grave which those two chose for themselves while they were still alive. Some pointed out the incompetence of the brother, but his will is firm. His will was, not to protect their lives, but to protect the innocence of his sister.
Their biggest tragedy is not that they lost their lives. It is that they don't have a heaven where their souls can go back to, as Coptic monks did. Or, it is that they can not become ashes and return to the earth, as their mother did. But those two remain there, just as they were in the moment of the happy michiyuki.[1]
Is his sister like Mary (the Virgin) in the eyes of her brother? There is no longer pain in their world, which is now complete just with the bonds between the two siblings. They are floating, smiling to each other.
Grave of the Fireflies is not an antiwar movie. Nor is it a movie to appeal (to the audience) the importance of a life. I think it's a terrifying movie which depicted deaths without a place to return to.
| Notes from the translator |
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In Japanese literature, lovers who are not allowed to be together run off, often to die together. This journey of lovers is called michiyuki --ryo |
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Additional notes from the translator |
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In Japanese belief (I think it's more or less the same in the West), a dead becomes a ghost when one had strong feeling such as hatred or regret towards someone or something in this world when one died, and can't cross over to "the other world" (nirvana). The feeling (usually negative one) binds the ghost to this world. Therefore, ghosts usually look terrible, because they look like just when they died. (It's the same in the West. A beheaded Queen roams around the castle searching for her head-- that kind of thing.)
So, if those two became the ghosts because they had some regrets left, they should look terrible. They should look just like when they died. So, they should look like starved children (just skin and bones).
People usually become ghosts (so we believe) because they died even though they wanted to live more. And that's why they still have negative feeling, and that feeling hold them down to this world. If you accept the death, and welcome death as a relief, you wouldn't become a ghost.
So, in that sense, those two ghosts are not the ghosts. If they didn't leave any negative feeling to this world, why are they still floating around? Why couldn't they go wherever their mother went? That was the Miyazaki-san's question. And his take was that, "It was the movie which depicted deaths without a place to return to." Those two wanted to be just by themselves. They didn't even want their mother. |
[此贴子已经被作者于2006-5-10 21:23:35编辑过] | 
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